Drug-resistant epilepsy with negative MRI is frequently seen in patients considered for epilepsy surgery; however, clinical evaluation and surgical treatment is very complex and challenging. Advanced imaging techniques are needed to detect the location of the epileptogenic zone. In most cases, intracranial EEG recording is required to delineate the region of seizure onset - this carries some risks of major complications. Moreover, the borders between the recorded seizure onset and the location of important brain functions are often indistinct in MRI-negative epilepsy. Overall, the outcome of MRI-negative surgery is less favorable than that of MRI-positive surgery, but it can significantly improve with optimal management. Each chapter critically appraises the role and value of specific diagnostic and treatment techniques to address the challenges of MRI-negative epilepsy surgery. Authors critique evidence and share their expertise on the diagnostic options and surgical approaches that make epilepsy surgery possible and worthwhile in patients with this condition. Table of ContentsPreface - 1. Scope and implications of MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Elson L. So and Philippe Ryvlin - 2. Seizure semiology and scalp EEG in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Soheyl Noachtar and Elisabeth Hartl - 3. Clinical and advanced techniques for optimizing MRI in refractory focal epilepsy
Neda Bernasconi and Andrea Bernasconi - 4. PET in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Alexander Hammers - 5. Advanced SPECT image-processing in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Elson L. So, Terence J. O'Brien and Benjamin H. Brinkmann - 6. MEG and magnetic source imaging in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Koji Iida, Akira Hashizume and Hiroshi Otsubo - 7. Electric source imaging in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Christoph M. Michel and Margitta Seeck - 8. Functional MRI in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Friederike Möller and Stephan Ulmer - 9. Multimodality image co-registration for MRI-negative epilepsy surgery
Benjamin H. Brinkmann and Vlastimil Sulc - 10. Subdural electrode implantation and recording in MRI-negative epilepsy surgery
Michael R. Sperling and Christopher T. Skidmore - 11. Depth electrode and stereoelectroencephalography in MRI-negative epilepsy
Philippe Ryvlin, Alexandra Montavont, Karine Ostrowsky-Coste and Marc Guénot - 12. Ultraslow and high-frequency recordings in MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy
Vlastimil Sulc and Gregory A. Worrell - 13. Cortical mapping in MRI-negative epilepsy surgery
Gonzalo Alarcón and Antonio Valentín - 14. Localization and surgery for MRI-negative temporal lobe and temporal-plus epilepsies
Sang Kun Lee and Hyejin Moon - 15. Localization and surgery in MRI-negative frontal lobe epilepsies
Chathurbhuj Rathore and Kurapath Radhakrishnan - 16. Localization and surgery in MRI-negative posterior cortical epilepsies
Christoph Baumgartner and Susanne Pirker - 17. MRI-negative refractory focal epilepsy in childhood
Prasanna Jayakar and Michael Duchowny - 18. Surgical approaches and techniques in MRI-negative focal epilepsy
Sumeet Vadera and William Bingaman - 19. Histopathology findings in MRI-negative focal epilepsy
Ingmar Blümcke and Roland Coras - 20. Neuropsychological issues in MRI-negative focal epilepsy surgery: evaluation and outcomes
Rosana Esteller, Daniel L. Drane, Kimford J. Meador and David W. Loring - 21. Conclusion
Philippe Ryvlin and Elson L. So
Index.
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