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Spine Phenotypes is a comprehensive resource that outlines phenotype descriptions, their radiographic measurements and epidemiological classifications. The book provides in-depth discussions on spine pathology and their clinical relevance. Multi-authored, with multidisciplinary contributions from world leaders in the fields of imaging, spine research and clinical practice, each chapter is rich in visual depiction of imaging phenotypes, providing examples of some established phenotypic measurements with a range of normal and pathologic images. This book is a first of its kind reference for researchers, orthopedists, spine specialists, and many more. Features- Contains chapters that are devoted to specific imaging phenotypes
- Provides examples of established phenotypic measurements and a range of normal and pathologic images
- Presents a multidisciplinary approach, with contributions from world leaders in the fields of imaging, spine research and clinical practice
Table of Contents- 1. Anatomy of the spine
- 2. Biomechanics of the spine
- 3. Biomechanical models to study spinal phenotypes
- 4. Animal models to study spinal phenotypes
- 5. Imaging technologies of the spine
- 6. Disc degeneration
- 7. Osteophytes and disc space narrowing
- 8. Disc displacement
- 9. High intensity zones and radial tears
- 10. Vertebral endplate changes, abnormalities, and defects
- 11. Subchondral bone marrow changes (Modic)
- 12. Spinal ligament changes and abnormalities
- 13. Spinal stenosis
- 14. Facet joint changes and orientation
- 15. Muscle morphology, changes and association with spinal phenotypes
- 16. Spinal alignment
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