Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery


HARTSTEIN / MASSRI / HOLDS
Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery
715 Seiten, 2. Auflage, 2015
440 Abbildungen
Addresses the need among physicians for cleanly distilled and clinically relevant information on the field of facial cosmetic surgery Updates to popular topics such as advances in blepharoplasty techniques, advances in brow lifting techniques, and advances in midface rejuvenation Each chapter, complete with color illustrations, serves as the voice of an expert, reminding readers of the pearls and pitfalls of each procedure Includes videos of various procedures on Springer Images Pearls and Pitfalls in Cosmetic Oculoplastic Surgery, Second Edition addresses the need among surgeons for cleanly distilled and clinically relevant information. The second edition of this popular text highlights the changes and updates to the ever expanding field of facial cosmetic surgery. There are updates regarding the advances, for example in blepharoplasty techniques fillers and filler techniques periorbital fat grafting brow lifting techniques midface rejuvenation Additionally, nearly every chapter has full color illustrations to bring each one to life. This concise and practical “how to” book is written and edited by experts in their fields and offers “here’s how I do it” advice on the most commonly performed procedures. Each chapter becomes the voice of an expert and experienced colleague, reminding readers of the pearls and pitfalls of each procedure. These pearls will lead to more efficient techniques, fewer complications, and enhance outcomes for physicians and their patients. Table of Contents Part 1: Preoperative Evaluation Ch. 1: Preoperative Evaluation of the Cosmetic Patient Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 2: Evaluation of the Cosmetic Patient Rona Z. Silkiss Ch. 3: Preoperative Patient Counseling for Cosmetic Blepharoplasty William P. Chen Part 2: Anesthesia Ch. 4: Cosmetic Oculofacial Pearls to Live By Kenneth D. Steinsapir Ch. 5: Guide to Local Anesthetic Medications Vivian Schiedler;Bryan S. Sires Ch. 6: Motor Nerve Blocks in Oculofacial Surgery Vivian Schiedler; Bryan S. Sires Ch. 7: Regional Nerve Blocks in Oculofacial Surgery Vivian Schiedler; Bryan S. Sires Ch. 8: Procedural Sedation in Oculofacial Surgery Vivian Schiedler; Bryan S. Sires Ch. 9: Preoperative Preparation and Anesthesia in Blepharoplasty William P. Chen Ch. 10: “Digital Diffusion” Technique for the Administration of Local Anesthetic in Eyelid Surgery Rona Z. Silkiss Ch. 11: Anesthesia for In-Office Oculoplastic Surgery: How We Do It Brent R. Moody; John B. Holds Ch. 12: Pain Reduction Using Vibration in Aesthetic injections and in eye and facial plastic surgery Sonya Jairaj Wexler; Allan E. Wulc Ch. 13: Tips for Safer, More Effective, and More Comfortable Periocular Anesthetic Injections and Sedation John Robert Burroughs Part 3: Upper Lid Blepharoplasty Section 1: Preoperative Evaluation Ch. 14: Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: The Evaluation Evan H. Black; Ryan T. Scruggs; John D. Siddens; Frank A. Nesi; Geoffrey J. Gladstone Ch. 15: Preoperative Examination Checklist for Upper Blepharoplasty Philip L. Custer Ch. 16: Preoperative Evaluation and Documentation in Upper Blepharoplasty Cat Nguyen Burkat Ch. 17: Ten Tips to Avoid the Perils, Pitfalls and Complications of Cosmetic Blepharoplasty William P. Mack Section 2: Incision Planning Ch. 18: Marking Strategies for Upper Blepharoplasty Guy G. Massry Ch. 19: Orbit Size and Lid Marking in Upper Blepharoplasty Philip L. Custer Ch. 20: Incisional Guidelines When Marking the Skin in Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 21: Marking the Proposed Upper Eyelid Crease: Determining the Safe Amount of Skin Removal—The Pinch Technique Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 22: Preoperative Measurements in Upper Blepharoplasty: Patient Selection Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 23: Keys to Success When Marking the Skin in Upper Blepharoplasty John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 24: Skin Marking in Upper Blepharoplasty—Avoiding Pitfalls Cat Nguyen Burkat Section 3: Upper Blepharoplasty Procedure Pearls Ch. 25: A simple method for more efficient blepharoplasty surgery Morris E. Hartstein; Isam Amar Ch. 26: Upper Blepharoplasty: Pearls for the Procedure Evan H. Black; Ryan T. Scruggs; John D. Siddens; Frank A. Nesi; Geoffrey J. Gladstone Ch. 27: Blepharoplasty Pearls: General Tips John Robert Burroughs Ch. 28: Fat Excision in Upper Blepharoplasty Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 29: Mobilizing and Excising the Nasal Fat Pad in Upper Blepharoplasty Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 30: The Sigmoid Upper Lid Blepharoplasty John P. Fezza Ch. 31: Tissue Removal Considerations in Blepharoplasty Surgery Rona Z. Silkiss Ch. 32: Fewer Hematomas in Upper Blepharoplasty Martin H. Devoto Ch. 33: Blepharoplasty Incisional Modalities: 4.0 Radiowave Surgery vs. CO2 Laser Joseph Niamtu, III Ch. 34: Doing Safe Upper Blepharoplasty Surgery: When Less is Better John Robert Burroughs Ch. 35: Upper Blepharoplasty Pearls Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 36: Fat Preservation and Other Tips for Upper Blepharoplasty Cat Nguyen Burkat Ch. 37: Upper Eyelid Fat Repositioning Donald B. Yoo; Guy G. Massry Ch. 38: Asian Blepharoplasty Samuel M. Lam Ch. 39: Upper Lid Blepharoplasty in the Asian Patient Cat Nguyen Burkat; Pimkwan Jaru-ampornpan Ch. 40: Recognizing the Differences in Asian Eyelid Anatomy Cat Nguyen Burkat; Pimkwan Jaru-ampornpan Section 4: Adjunctive Procedures in Upper Blepharoplasty Ch. 41: Transblepharoplasty Internal Brow Elevation with Corrugator Removal John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 42: Transblepharoplasty Incision Lower Eyelid Canthoplasty John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Section 5: Wound Closure and Postoperative Care Ch. 43: Avoiding Dog Ears During Upper Blepharoplasty Closure Peter S. Levin Ch. 44: Crease Formation in Upper Blepharoplasty Philip L. Custer Ch. 45: Use of Dermabond Tissue Adhesive for Oculoplastic Incision Closure Charles B. Slonim Ch. 46: Reducing Postoperative Swelling John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 47: Management of Postblepharoplasty Dry Eye Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 48: Bump Thermoplasty for Small Benign Eyelid Lesions and Wound Artifacts John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann; M. Reza Vagefi Ch. 49: Scar Management John Robert Burroughs Reagan Anderson Part 4: Lower Lid Blepharoplasty Section 1: Preoperative Considerations Ch. 50: Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty: The Evaluation John D. Siddens Ch. 51: Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty Evaluation: Avoid the Cookie Cutter Approach Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Section 2: Lower Blepharoplasty Procedure Pearls Ch. 52: Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty: Procedure Pearls and Pitfalls John D. Siddens Ch. 53: Lower Lid Blepharoplasty: Transcutaneous verses transconjunctival approach Raf Ghabrial Ch. 54: Incising the Septum over the Nasal, Central, and Lateral Fat Pads in Lower Blepharoplasty Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 55: Prolapsing the Inferior Fat Pads and Fornix in Lower Blepharoplasty Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 56: Identifying the Inferior Oblique in Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 57: The ”GRED (Globe Retropulsion and Eyelid Depression)” Maneuver to Access Post-septal Fat in Transconjunctival Lower Blepharoplasty Donald B. Yoo; Garrett Griffin; Guy G. Massry Ch. 58: Achieving Symmetry in Lower Blepharoplasty Fat Removal Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 59: The Treatment of Festoons in Lower Blepharoplasty Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 60: Step by step treatment of post blepharoplasty chemosis Martin H. Devoto; Francesco P. Bernardini; Altug Cetinkaya Ch. 61: Chemosis: Avoidance and Management Tips John Robert Burroughs Ch. 62: Making Lower Eyelid Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty Easier, Safer, and More Comfortable John Robert Burroughs Ch. 63: Management of Severe Postoperative Bleeding with Hemostatic Matrix John Robert Burroughs Section 3: Repositioning in Lower Blepharoplasty Ch. 64: Fat Repositioning in Lower Blepharoplasty: Less Is More Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 65: Fat Repositioning in Lower Blepharoplasty: Does the Plane of Fat Transposition Affect The Outcome? Donald B. Yoo; Guy G. Massry Ch. 66: Transconjunctival Lower Lid Blepharoplasty with and Without Fat Repositioning Garrett R. Griffin; Guy G. Massry;Paul S. Nassif Ch. 67: Fat Pedicle Isolation During Transconjucntival Lower Blepharoplasty With Fat Repositioning: “The Inverse Shoe Shine Sign” Guy G. Massry Ch. 68: Transconjunctival Pre-periosteal Fat Repositioning Blepharoplasty John B. Holds; Yasaman Mohadjer Ch. 69: Lower Lid Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning Using a Foam Bolster Eric A. Steele; Roger A. Dailey Ch. 70: Use of Tisseel in Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty with Fat Repositioning Asa D. Morton, III Ch. 71: Lower Blepharoplasty with Non-Suture Fat Repositioning John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Ch. 72: The Bustier Lower Lid Blepharoplasty John P. Fezza Ch. 73: Lower blepharoplasty: Lift and Fill Morris E. Hartstein; Guy G. Massry Section 4: Management of Postblepharoplasty Lid Retraction Ch. 74: Managing Postblepharoplasty Lower Eyelid Malposition Michael T. Yen Ch. 75: Retroauricular Dermal Spacer Graft for Lower Lid Retraction Repair Francesco P. Bernardini Ch. 76: Mid-Lower Eyelid Tarsoconjunctival Flap-Skin Graft: Treatment of Cicatricial Lower Lid Retraction John Pak Ch. 77: Treatment of Postblepharoplasty Lower Eyelid Retraction with Dermis Fat Spacer Grafting Bobby S. Korn; Don O. Kikkawa Ch. 78: Lateral Canthal Webs Guy G. Massry Ch. 79: True Lower Eyelid Retractor Recession as an Adjunct to Lower Lid Recession Surgery Donald B. Yoo; Guy G. Massry Part 5: Forehead Rejuvenation Section 1: Preoperative Considerations Ch. 80: Which Browlift to Do? Andrea Nowotny Hass Ch. 81: Browlifting: Patient Evaluation Andrea Nowotny Hass Ch. 82: Preoperative Botox for Endoscopic Browlifting Andrea Nowotny Hass Ch. 83: Forehead and Eyebrow Anatomy and its Continuity with the Eyelid Guy G. Massry Section 2: Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation Ch. 84: Five Tips for Endoscopic Browlift Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 85: Anesthesia Options in Endoscopic Forehead Lifting Andrew S. Eiseman Ch. 86: Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation: How to Set Up the Operating Room and Trouble Shooting Asa D. Morton, III Ch. 87: Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation: Equipment and Setup Asa D. Morton, III Ch. 88: Incision Technique for Endoscopic Forehead Elevation Andrew S. Eiseman Ch. 89: Endoscopic Forehead Elevation: Patient Marking and Preparation Geva Mannor Ch. 90: Endoscopic Midforehead Techniques: Improved Outcomes with Decreased Operative Time and Cost Asa D. Morton, III Ch. 91: Fifteen Principles of Enhanced Success in Endoscopic Browlift Guy G. Massry Ch. 92: Dissection of Central Forehead and Temporal Pocket with Periosteal Release Don O. Kikkawa Ch. 93: Endoscopic Forehead Lifting: Dealing with the Central Brow Depressors Asa D. Morton, III Ch. 94: Elevation and Fixation of the Lateral Brow and Canthus Robert G. Fante Ch. 95: Fixation Methods in Endoscopic Browlifting Andrea Nowotny Hass Ch. 96: Endoscopic Browlift with Deep Temporal Fixation Only Garrett R. Griffin; Paul S. Nassif Ch. 97: Tridimensional Brow, Glabella, and Temple Enhancement with Micro Fat Injection During Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation Oscar M. Ramirez; Umran Ileri Ch. 98: Scalp Fixation in Endoscopic Browlift Robert G. Fante Ch. 99: Closing and Dressing the Wounds in Endoscopic Browlift Robert G. Fante Ch. 100: Endoscopic Forehead Rejuvenation: Avoiding and Managing Complications Asa D. Morton, III Section 3: Nonendoscopic Browlifting Ch. 101: The Direct Browlift: Focus on the Tail John B. Holds Ch. 102: Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Temporal Brow in Browlifting Surgery David E.E. Holck; Jill Foster; Manuel A. Lopez; Kevin A. Kalwerisky Ch. 103: In-Office Brow and Forehead Lifting By A Quick Multi-Incision Trichophytic Approach John Robert Burroughs Ch. 104: Temporal Subcutaneous Brow Lift Morris E. Hartstein; Isam Amar Ch. 105: The external browpexy: A minimally invasive brow lifting or stabilization procedure Guy G. Massry Part 6: Mid-Face Lift Ch. 106: Mid-Face Lift: General Considerations and How I Do It Guy G. Massry Ch. 107: Ten Rules for Mid-Face Lifting for the Repair of Lid Retraction Morris E. Hartstein; Guy G. Massry Ch. 108: The Subperiosteal Mid-Face Lift Using Bioabsorbable Implants for Fixation David E.E. Holck; Jill Foster; Kevin A. Kalwerisky; Manuel A. Lopez Ch. 109: Cheeklifting Pearls Clinton D. McCord, Jr. Ch. 110: Preperiosteal Midface Lift Through Transtemporal Approach Allan E. Wulc; Dallas R. Buchanan Ch. 111: Maintaining Lateral Wound and Canthal Regularity in External Midface Lifts Jeremiah P. Tao; Guy G. Massry Ch. 112: Cheek Implants Joseph Niamtu, III Part 7: Botox Ch. 113: Introduction to Botulinum Toxin John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 114: Evaluating Potential Patients for Neurotoxin Samuel M. Lam Ch. 115: Neurotoxin: General Principles of Treatment Samuel M. Lam Ch. 116: Botox: Where It Works Best Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 117: Preparation of Botox Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 118: Documentation of Treatment: Botox Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 119: Botulinum Toxin Injection Technique John Robert Burroughs Richard L. Anderson Ch. 120: Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Applications: General Considerations and Dosing John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 121: Botulinum Toxin: Avoiding Pitfalls John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 122: Botox Injection Techniques: Minimizing Bruising and Discomfort Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 123: Botulinum Toxin Injections Pearls Rona Z. Silkiss Ch. 124: Botox Complications Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 125: Glabella Treatment with Neurotoxin Samuel M. Lam Ch. 126: Corrugator and Procerus Rhytid Treatment with Botox Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 127: Frontalis Injection with Botox Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 128: Frontalis Treatment with Neurotoxin Samuel M. Lam Ch. 129: Shaping of the Eyebrows with Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNT-A) Deanne Mraz Robinson; David F. Horne; Thomas E. Rohrer Ch. 130: Botox Injection Techniques: Crow’s Feet Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 131: Orbicularis Oculi Treatment with Neurotoxin Samuel M. Lam Ch. 132: Perioral Botox Injections Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 133: Botulinum Toxin Type A Cosmetic: How to Achieve Precise and Predictable Results José Raúl Montes Ch. 134: Botox Injection to the Lacrimal Gland for the Treatment of Epiphora R. Jeffrey Hofmann Ch. 135: Botox Therapy for Hyperhydrosis: How I Do It Charles B. Slonim Ch. 136: Other Uses of Botulinum Toxins John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Ch. 137: Botox for Axillary Hyperhydrosis R. Jeffrey Hofmann Ch. 138: Use of Incobotulinum toxin A (Xeomin) for cosmetic facial rejuvenation Steven M. Couch Ch. 139: Management of Benign Essential Blepharospasm Julie A. Woodward; Veena Rao Part 8: Fillers Ch. 140: Optimizing Outcome from Facial Cosmetic Injections and Promoting Realistic Expectations Leslie Baumann Ch. 141: Pearls and Pitfalls of Injectable Facial Fillers Nicholas A. Ramey; Cat Nguyen Burkat Ch. 142: Table of Fillers Brad T. Kovach Ch. 143: Dermal Filler Pearls: The Hyaluronic Acids John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Ch. 144: Radiesse® Pearls: General Tips for Safer, More Comfortable, and Better Results John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 145: Belotero Pearls Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 146: Hyaluronic Acid Pearls: Fine and Superficial Lines John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 147: Achieving Beautiful Lip Augmentation Kimberly J. Butterwick Ch. 148: Restylane Injection for the Lower Eyelid Tear Trough R. Jeffrey Hofmann Ch. 149: Liquid Injectable Silicone for the Upper Third of the Face Derek H. Jones Ch. 150: Periocular Injectables with Hyaluronic Acid and Polymethyl Methacrylate using microcannulas Samuel M. Lam Ch. 151: Novel Uses for Hydroxylapatite (Radiesse®) Filler: Beyond the Facial Folds John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Ch. 152: Pearls and Pitfalls of Botox and Filler Substances in the Upper Third of the Face Seth L. Matarasso Ch. 153: Lower Eyelid Rejuvenation: A Pictorial Management Guide John Robert Burroughs; Richard L. Anderson Ch. 154: Upper Eyelid Volumization with Hyaluronic Acid Robert A. Glasgold; Mark J. Glasgold; David J. Gerth Ch. 155: Correcting the upper eyelid hollow with filler Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 156: Pearls for Periorbital Fat Transfer Lisa M. Donofrio Ch. 157: Volumetric Rejuvenation of the Tear Trough with fat transfer to Ristow’s space Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 158: Complementary Fat Grafting in the Periorbital Region Samuel M. Lam; Mark J. Glasgold; Robert A. Glasgold Ch. 159: Autogenous Orbicularis and Fat as a Filler John Robert Burroughs; Michael T. Yen; Richard L. Anderson; John D. McCann Part 9: Skin Rejuvenation Section 1: Skin Care Ch. 160: Skin Care 101: The Basics Diane S. Berson Ch. 161: Retinoids for the Cosmetic Patient Kenneth R. Beer; Jacob I. Beer Ch. 162: Evaluation of Skin Lesions in the Cosmetic Patient Made Simple: Actinic Keratosis Brent R. Moody Section 2: Nonablative Therapy Ch. 163: Chemical Peels for Facial Rejuvenation Andrew J. Kaufman Ch. 164: Nonablative Laser and Light Facial Rejuvenation Jeffrey Steven Dover Section 3: Ablative Therapy Ch. 165: Ablative resurfacing-general considerations Morris E. Hartstein Ch. 166: CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing Prophylaxis Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 167: CO2 Laser Resurfacing Immediate Postoperative Care Prior to Complete Epithelialization Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 168: Products Used in CO2 Laser Resurfacing Wound Care: Late Postoperative Care After Complete Epithelialization Jemshed A. Khan Ch. 169: Ablative Fractional Laser Skin Resurfacing E. Jason Sabet-Peyman; Julie A. Woodward Ch. 170: Fractionated CO2 Laser Skin Resurfacing John B. Holds Ch. 171: Monopolar Radiofrequency Tissue Tightening Elizabeth F. Rostan Ch. 172: Dual-Mode Erbium-YAG Laser Skin Resurfacing John B. Holds Ch. 173: Fraxel Treatment Howard Conn Part 10: Other Cosmetic Procedures Ch. 174: Repair of the Torn Earlobe Yoash R. Enzer Ch. 175: Upper Lip Lift: a Powerful Rejuvenative Procedure Oscar M. Ramirez; Umran Ileri Ch. 176: Ten Tips for a Reliable and Predictable Deep Plane Facial Rhytidectomy David E.E. Holck; Jill A. Foster; Kevin A. Kalwerisky; O. Bailey Robertson Ch. 177: Facelifting in the Full Neck John P. Fezza Ch. 178: Assessment and Treatment of the Aging Jaw Line John P. Fezza Ch. 179: Masseteric Facial Anastomosis for Dynamic Lower Eyelid Reanimation in Facial Paralysis Garrett R. Griffin; Babak Azizzadeh Part 11: Functional Lid Malpositions Section 1: Ptosis- Anterior Approach Ch. 180: Advantages of Sequential Versus Simultaneous Bilateral Levator Advancement Surgery Herbert J. Glatt Ch. 181: Considerations in Simultaneous vs. Sequential Bilateral Levator Repair Robert A. Mazzoli Ch. 182: Ten Steps to Making External Levator Ptosis Surgery More Predictable Russell S. Gonnering Ch. 183: Adjustable Suture Technique for Levator Surgery Morris E. Hartstein; John J. Woog Ch. 184: Tarsal Switch Levator Resection for the Treatment of Myopathic Blepharoptosis Sheri L. DeMartelaere; Todd R. Shepler; Sean M. Blaydon; Russell W. Neuhaus; John W. Shore Ch. 185: Modified Levator Advancement Ptosis Technique Rona Z. Silkiss Ch. 186: Minimally Invasive Ptosis Repair Francesco P. Bernardini Ch. 187: Small Incision External Levator Repair Mark J. Lucarelli Ch. 188: Levator Aponeurotic Dehiscence: A Pictorial Review Gabriela Mabel Espinoza Ch. 189: Ptosis Repair by a Single-Stitch Levator Advancement Don Liu Ch. 190: Postoperative Care for Dry Eye Prevention in Ptosis Surgery Edsel Ing Section 2: Ptosis- Posterior Approach Ch. 191: Pearls for Müller’s Muscle–Conjunctival Resection–Ptosis Procedure Combined with Upper Blepharoplasty Allen M. Putterman Ch. 192: Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection Pearls: Phenylephrine and Resection Considerations David B. Samimi; Melanie H. Erb; Steven C. Dresner Ch. 193: Avoiding Lid Contour Abnormalities in Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection: Recognizing the Lateral Shift Michael E. Migliori Ch. 194: Müller’s Muscle–Conjunctival Resection Procedure Tips David B. Samimi; Melanie H. Erb; Steven C. Dresner Section 3: Entropion Ch. 195: Minimally Invasive, Three-Step, Transconjunctival Entropion Repair Francesco P. Bernardini Ch. 196: Entropion Repair by Pre-tarsal Orbicularis Transposition Don Liu Ch. 197: Simple “Bedside” Cautery Entropion Repair David J. Singer Section 4: Ectropion Ch. 198: “Simple-Dimple” Lateral Tarsus Fixation William L. Walter Ch. 199: Simplified Lower Lid Tightening Without a Tarsal Strip Don Liu Ch. 200: Technique for Medical Canthal Flap to Correct Lid Retraction/Medial Ectropion Kathleen M. Duerksen Ch. 201: Medial Canthorraphy Francesco P. Bernardini Ch. 202: Myocutaneous Flaps and Canthopexy for Repair of Severe Cicatricial Ectropion James K. Leong; Raf Ghabrial Ch. 203: Internal Vertical Mattress Eyelid Reconstruction David B. Samimi

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