- Only book available exclusively covering female genital malformations
- Presents all uterine, cervical and vaginal anomalies and categorizes them utilising the new ESHRE/ESGE classification system
- Provides a succinct review of all the latest information concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of female genital malformations in a systematic, evidence-based way
Female genital malformations represent miscellaneous deviations from normal anatomy. With a prevalence of approximately 6% in the general population, they might be associated with health problems, potentially dangerous complications or poor reproductive outcome depending on the type and the degree of the anatomical abnormality. During the last two decades the better understanding of their pathogenesis, the availability of new non-invasive techniques for their diagnosis and the increased experience from their treatment have radically changed their management.
A new, clinically oriented classification system has now been developed facilitating their evidence-based appraisal. It is a reality that the management of female genital malformations has changed rapidly during the last few years from an experience based and mainly descriptive field to a scientific evidence-based one.
This book presents all uterine, cervical and vaginal anomalies in a systematic way and the new ESHRE/ESGE classification system utilised for their categorization. In addition, their embryogenesis and etiology are summarized. The diagnostic work-up of women with female genital malformations is reviewed in an evidence-based fashion and taking into account the availability of new non-invasive diagnostic methods. The treatment strategy and the therapeutic alternatives to restore health and reproductive problems associated with their presence are critically reviewed.
This book will give the reader the opportunity to assess all the latest information concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of female genital malformations in a systematic, evidence-based way. It will be vital for all trainees and practitioners within the field of obstetrics and gynaecology, radiologists, researchers in the field of human reproduction, fertility specialists and endoscopists and ultrasonographists.
Table of ContentsSection I: basics.- Normal embryological development of the female genital tract.- Pathogenesis and aetiology of female genital malformations.- Implantation in women with uterine congenital malformations.- Classification of female genital malformations.-
Section II: diagnosis of female genital malformations.- Hysterosalpingography.- 2D ultrasound and sonohysterography.- 3D ultrasound.- Magnetic resonance imaging.- Endoscopy.- Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of the different methods.- Current diagnostic approach of female genital malformations.-
Section III: clinical implications of the female genital malformations.- Prevalence in general and selected populations.- Health problems related to female genital malformations: obstructive and complex anomalies.- Fertility in women with uterine anomalies.- Pregnancy outcome in women with uterine anomalies.-
Section IV: treatment of vaginal aplasia / techniques and results.- Frank dilators.- Vulvo-perineoplasty.- Neovagina formation with expansion of vaginal vault.- Neovagina formation with the use of peritoneum.- Neovagina formation with the use of grafts (amniotic sac etc).- Neovagina formation with the use of bowel.- Overall evaluation of treatment options.-
Section V: treatment of obstructive anomalies.- Vaginal septae and imperforate hymen.- Cervical aplasia.- Non-communicating horns.-
Section VI: treatment of uterine malformations.- T-shaped uterus.- Septum resection: techniques.- Reproductive performance after septum resection and current treatment.- Bicorporeal uterus: treatment options
